Measuring and Understanding Wood Volumes

Measuring wood is part science, part art; you use many different units, you face many potential problems. The below  quote from  Converting Factors for Southern Pine Products, Williams and Hopkins, USDA, 1968 illustrates how confusing measuring and converting wood volumes can be. Measuring and estimating wood volume is not for the faint of heart. Theoretically, one cubic foot (of wood volume) contains 12 board feet. For average values 6 should be used, though 10 is a conventional figure for approximations. When the conversion applies to trees, ratios of 3 to 8 should be applied. When marketing your timber you must either know how to measure forest products or get someone to do it for you. At best you can be very confused when talking to a wood buyer; at worst you can lose a significant portion of the value of your wood. To make the situation even more problematic, some buyers use this ignorance of volumes to trick  the seller. They have every opportunity to do so and a few use this to their financial advantage. Knowing tree measuring units is very complicated and even foresters have a hard time when talking volumes. Three hundred dollar per thousand logs using Doyle log rule is not the same as three hundred dollars per thousand logs using Scribner log rule. Most mensurationists and foresters would agree that there is an advantage to weighing wood and weight is the measurement of choice. In the real world, however, it is impractical to totally convert to weight. A history of wrestling with the problem  of measuring logs  to determine how much usable product might be manufactured from them created numerous measuring units. These units are self-perpetuating because of many factors including foreign trade, standing timber volume, accepted taxing units, regional custom, buying and selling advantages. The Pulpwood Measurement The standard measurement unit for wood used for paper and fuel is the  cord. This is a stack of wood 4 ft. x 4 ft. x 8 ft. containing approximately 128 cubic feet of bark,  wood  and air space. Air space can actually be as high as 40 percent but usually averages 25 percent. You can see where weight can be advantageous here. Pulpwood purchases by weight are very common and weight per cord varies widely with species and geography. A hardwood pulpwood cord generally weighs between 5,400 pounds and 6,075 pounds. A pine pulpwood cord weighs between 4,700 pounds and 5,550 pounds. You really need to determine your local average weight by species when measuring cordwood. Purchasing mills or men who harvest pulpwood can give you wood weights for your area. The U.S. Forest Service or your  State Forester  also has a wealth of information on regional average weights. Pulpwood bought in the form of chips are  separate  issue and for another discussion. The Sawtimber Measurement A round log, generally, must be made into square or rectangular pieces to be able to determine wood volume and value. Three systems, or  log rules  and scales, have been developed to do just this. They are called the  Doyle rule, Scribner rule, and International rule. They were developed to estimate board foot mill tally, usually quoted as thousand board feet or MBF. Our problem when using these log rules or scales is that they will give you three different volumes for the same pile of logs. Measuring average sized logs - Doyle, Scribner, and International rules - will give volumes that may vary as much as 50%. This overrun is greatest using Doyle and the least using International. Buyers like to purchase using Doyle log rule while sellers like to sell using Scribner or International. There will always be a difference in volumes estimated from scaler to scaler. They get into trouble when decreasing  actual number  of measurements and start estimating; they measure at inappropriate points on the log, miss estimate roundness, and dont deduct for  defect. Accurate scaling of trees and logs requires skill and experience. The Conversion Factor Mensurationists cringe at the word conversion factor. They correctly feel that conversion from one unit of measure to another unit of measure of wood is too imprecise to depend on. Their job is to be precise. But you have to have some way to estimate volumes and be able to cross over to differing units. You now have an idea of how complicated this volume issue can become. To add a conversion factor to volumes may distort actual volumes even more. Related Links Approximate Conversions of the Most Common Units of Wood Measure

Natural Destruction And Manmade Destruction - 1379 Words

From the many articles read, analyzed and summarized, some common themes that stroke me as interesting were the effects of natural destruction and manmade destruction to the environment and the attempts of man to now reverse their harm. There is already enough natural destruction in the world that creates more than enough harm. An earthquake in Alaska that had a magnitude of 6.8 (Week 4- Article 1), an earthquake in Taiwan that had a magnitude of 6.4 (Week 2- Article 1), another earthquake in Oklahoma that had a magnitude of 5.1 (Week 5- Article 1), and many more all that happened in just the first four months of the New Year. But when adding manmade destruction, the environment’s risk has increased drastically. Many major companies have†¦show more content†¦It was just always done to provide faster and cheaper products to us consumers without thinking about what production meant for the environment. For instance, in the ABC news article from week 7 talks about the reasons for fracking. Cheap gas has been viewed as a clean energy source when in fact it actually emits greenhouse gases and cheap gas all credited to fracking. In fact, it’s made gas so plentiful in the US that the US has begun to export it. But fracking is actually very detrimental. A watchdog nonprofit group has calculated that if 44 large scale petrochemical developments were built like planned in 2015, it would have caused as much pollution as 19 new coal fired power plants. In Louisiana, their projects would produce 68 million tons of CO2 every year, or as much as 15new coal power plants. Natural gas is essential for many products, such as plastics and fertilizers. These projects have the potential to produce 86 million tons of greenhouse gases every year. (Week 7- Article 1) Another example of unintentional manmade harm just for America’s consumption needs is discussed in an article from New York Daily News from week 10. One way America is driven is by fast food and how to make it healthy and ethical. So while places like McDonalds and Subway are pledging for antibiotic free meats, there is a big catch. Antibiotic free meats equals more animals killed, more water used andShow MoreRelatedWells The Time Machine Wells1495 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology and view that it is vital for survival and progress, while he is juxtaposed into a world of simple natural living in â€Å"perfect comfort and security† (Wells 28). This contrast of technology’s necessity between the Time Traveller and the inhabitants of the year 802,701 exemplifies Well’s deeper point that humans are dependent on and abuse technology, leading to the ultimate destruction of humanity itself. When the Time Traveller first arrives in the year 802,701 he encountered the Eloi peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of Koyaanisqatsi And If A Tree Falls1734 Words   |  7 Pagesever growing technological advancements, there is a mounting concern for humanity’s impact on the longevity of the earth’s natural environment (Gibson 2002). From this concern, the ideology of environmentalism has emerged as a strong social movement, bent on the perusal of a viable future, through the implementation of culturally defined responsibilities towards the natural world (Gibson 2002). Through the progression of cinema, environmentalism has become an issue that has received wide publicityRead MoreCommunity Disaster Assessment and Planning Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Disaster Assessment and Planning The potential for natural and manmade disasters is a constant threat, especially in today’s world of climate change, political upheaval, and global unrest and terrorist activity. Due to the many potentiating factors that substantially increase the potential and threat of disaster it is necessary that at a national, state, county, and community level plans are in place for immediate response and action. The threat of disaster is a global, national, stateRead MoreThe Environmental Degradation Of Natural Resources1435 Words   |  6 PagesThe environmental degradation of natural resources, such as fresh water resources and fish or sea live stocks have become burning issue of potentially violent conflict between the nations. There are numerous historical examples that related to this issue. For example, the Ethiopian decision to store Nile water behind the walls of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam have brought ongoing tension between the Egypt, the Ethiopia and Sudan. The second characteristic is the relationship between environmentRead MoreThe Effects of Wildfires1348 Words   |  6 Pagessize of Massachusetts and Connecticut combined† (U.S. Wildfires). Destroying homes, crops, towns and of course forests. Yet the effects of these fires can be seen from a negative perspective as well as some positive. Plus there are natural causes as well as manmade that makes these destructive fires erupt and become almost unstoppable in seconds. Wildfires have been a major issue for many years; with the first one being recorded over four hundred and twenty million years ago the world realizedRead MoreWhat is a Disaster?888 Words   |  3 Pagessocial and economic activity due to natural or other causes that results in widespread or severe damage, injury and/or loss of life or property† . Disasters are also defined as â€Å"a crisis situation causing wide spread damage which far exceed our ability to recover† . It is a devastation, or a tragedy in an any area, coming from natural upheavals or human endeavours, or by misfortune which leads to a substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property . The UN defines itRead MoreInformative Speech On Hurricanes813 Words   |  4 PagesTOPIC: Hurricanes GENERAL PURPOSE: To inform SPECIFIC PURPOSE: I want my audience to be informed and learn more about this natural disaster called a hurricane. THESIS STATEMENT: One of nature’s most powerful and destructive storms are hurricanes. Although they can be deadly to humans and animals and have been known to cause extensive destruction, they also play a very important and beneficial role on Earth. Attention Getter: Thesis/Preview of Main Points: Today I am going to be talking toRead MoreIntroduction. After Reading Over The Current Service Level1064 Words   |  5 Pagesrecommended to protect all parties involved and should be applied to the SLA in this case. Finman Account Management, the chief concern is to provide guidelines within the SLA that address data protection, authorized use, sharing of data, and retention/destruction of data. Furthermore, Finman is devoted to protecting intellectual property, patents, and copyright while also safeguarding physical property. Statement of Intent Modifications The processes above will rely on risk management as a critical toolRead MoreThe Killer Wave And Tsunami1213 Words   |  5 PagesJapan, I was still skeptical about just how much damage a wave of water could create. Surprisingly, seven years later, the Japanese tsunami of 2011 would give me a crash course in flora, fauna and structural destruction. To begin, the resilient flora of the area is not immune to the destruction of this cataclysmic event. Ironically, I was sailing off northeastern coast of Honshu right above the earthquake that afternoon on the USS Ronald Reagan. I was a primary guide for the rescue helicopters pilotsRead MoreEndangered Animals Are Endangered Species1411 Words   |  6 PagesNot many people know about endangered animals or what makes them endangered. Animals have been endangered and going extinct for over 635 million years. Although extinction is a natural phenomenon, it occurs at a natural â€Å"background† rate of about one to five species per year. Scientists estimate that we’re now losing species at 1,000 to 10,000 times the background rate, with dozens going extinct every day. As many as 30 to 50 percent of all species could possibly be heading toward extinction by mid-century

THE CORE Free Essays

The same pole always ended up pointing north. All magnets have a north and a south pole, no matter what shape they might have been bent into, or even if you break it apart into pieces. The magnetic field is the strongest at these poles. We will write a custom essay sample on THE CORE or any similar topic only for you Order Now As magnets are brought near one another, they exert a force on each other. The force can be either attractive or repulsive and can be felt even when the magnets don’t touch (force at a distance). This leads us to the Law of Magnetism which says â€Å"Like poles repel and unlike poles attract†. This is like the force between electric charges, but not exactly the same. Electrical charges and magnetic poles are different Many people wrongly assume that magnets can stick to any metal. In fact only a few elements on the periodic table actually have any magnetic properties strong enough to be worth mentioning. These elements are known as a group as ferromagnetic elements. The name comes from the Latin name for iron, ferrule. The ferromagnetic elements are: 1. Iron 2. Cobalt 3. Nickel 4. Gadolinium As time passed, more and more people tried to explain magnetism. William Gilbert, wrote a book called De Magnet on the subject. He was able to spores some old superstitions about magnets, while at the same time presenting his own scientific ideas. He even proposed the idea of an â€Å"orb of virtue† surrounding every magnet, basically he was describing a magnetic field. The Effects of MME An electromagnetic pulse (MME), also sometimes called a transient electromagnetic disturbance, is a short burst of electromagnetic energy. At a higher level an MME can induce a spark, for example when fuelling a gasoline- engine vehicle. Such sparks have been known to cause fuel-air explosions and precautions must be taken to prevent them. A large MME can induce high rents and voltages in the victim, damaging electrical equipment or disrupting its function. A very large MME event such as a lightning strike is also capable of damaging objects such as trees, buildings and aircraft directly, either through heating effects or the disruptive effects of the very large magnetic field generated by the current. An indirect effect can be electrical fires caused by heating. These damaging effects have led to the introduction of MME weapons. Most engineered structures and systems require some form of protection against lightning to be designed in. The Animals that Navigate sing Magnetism Abominations is the phenomenon of magnetic fields produced by living organisms; it is a subset of blameworthiness’s. In contrast, organisms’ use of magnetism in navigation is misconception and the study of the magnetic fields’ effects on organisms is negotiability. Researchers believe some migratory birds can sense the magnetic field through their upper beak because there is a magnetite receptor there, which is made up of iron-based magnetic crystals. This senses the strength of the magnetic field, which is strongest at the poles, and it measures the angle of the field compared to the round. The beak is similar to a compass. According to the experiment done by Max Plank Institute in Germany, they found that when they re-magnetized the iron particles in the beaks of migratory birds like robins and red warblers, it suggested that the beaks do act as a type of compass or navigational device. It partially allowed the birds to decide in what direction to go in. Re- magnification is similar to when you rub a magnet with a piece of metal allowing for the metal to become magnetized, by doing this you can change the direction of magnetism by rubbing it in the other direction. The research shows that migratory birds may have sensory systems linked to their beaks that use iron to detect the Earth’s magnetic field. How are the Aurora Borealis and Australia formed? The aurora Borealis (northern lights) form when charged particles emitted from the sun during a solar flare penetrate the earth’s magnetic shield and collide with atoms and molecules in our atmosphere. These collisions result in countless little bursts of light, called photons, which make up the aurora. Collisions with oxygen produce red and green auroras, while nitrogen produces the pink and purple colors. This reaction encircles the polar regions of the earth and occurs at an altitude of 40-400 miles (65-650 km) in a zone called the ‘Aurorally Oval The aurora Borealis most commonly occur between 600-750 latitude, but during great geomagnetic storms the aurorally oval expands equatorial and can reach 300 latitude or further. In the northern hemisphere they are called the aurora Borealis (northern lights) and in the southern hemisphere aurora Australia (southern lights). How Magnetism is created by moving charges? When an electrical charge is moving or an electric current passes through a ire, a circular magnetic field is created. Magnetism is seen whenever electrically charged particles are in motion for example, from movement of electrons in an electric current, or in certain cases from the orbital motion of electrons around an atom’s nucleus. They also arise from â€Å"intrinsic† magnetic dipoles arising from quantum-mechanical spin. The same situations that create magnetic fields, charge moving in a current or in an atom, and intrinsic magnetic dipoles, are also the situations in which a magnetic field has an effect, creating a force. QUESTIONS/EXPLANATIONS What was the cause of death of 32 civilians within the 10 mile block radius in the film? The reason why 32 people died in that movie is because when the core of the Earth stopped moving, the NEFF or Electro Magnetic Field of the Earth deteriorated causing massive problems on people with pacemakers. Pacemaker is a device that helps control the heart of people that have abnormal heart beats. Why did the wrist watch stopped ticking? Because of the MME, a pulse of electromagnetic energy, this induces a very high current thousands of volts in parts of the watch, and since many electrical items, such as microchips, are very sensitive to high voltages, it causes them to break. Explain the Erratic Behavior of the Pigeons in the Film Because the Pigeons are affected by the change of the Earth’s Magnetic Why did the Borealis appear in Washington DC? When super charged particles enter the earth’s atmosphere from the solar wind they tend to be channeled toward the poles by magnetic forces causing them to spiral around the magnetic field lines of the earth. They are energetic enough to unionize air molecules, so a considerable number of atoms and molecules are elevated to excited states. When they make the transition back to their ground states they emit light characteristic of the atoms and molecules. Red and green light emitted from oxygen atoms is a constituent of the light seen at the poles. Atmospheric nitrogen also plays a role. How is the Earth’s Magnetic Field created according to the film? The magnetic field is generated by the rotation Of the dense, iron, liquid outer core and that this field extends about 126,000 meters (proxy. 78 miles) out into space. As the outer core fluid is driven by convection currents, a dynamo effect of circulating electric current is produced inside Earth. The Space Shuttle in the film was 12 miles off course. Explain what happened. The Space Shuttle, returning from space, suddenly turns up far off course and headed for impact in Los Angels due to a momentary glitch in its navigation, positioning systems (GAPS on overdrive), and a faulty ground transponder which resulted in the shuttle being off-course by 12 miles. Enumerate the effects of losing the earth’s Magnetic Field according to the film. People with pacemakers, all within a 10-block radius, will be dead. The Golden Gate Bridge collapses, sending hundreds of people plunging to their deaths. Flocks of pigeons lose their ability to navigate, flying into panicked crowds, slamming into windshields and causing drivers to lose control of their cars. And an electrical superstore. Give the scientific explanation how the terra shuttle was found under the ocean at the end of the film. Keyes and Child’s realize they can use the unobtainable shell to convert the heat and pressure from the waveforms to power the Virgil, and they are able to escape the core. They break through the crust underwater, leaving them on the ocean floor without power and communications. They believe themselves lost but use the remaining power o activate a weak sonar beacon. The beacon attracts a nearby whale pod, and Finch is able to trace their whale songs to locate the Virgil. How to cite THE CORE, Papers

Cloud Computing Data Management Services

Question: Discuss about the Cloud Computingfor Data Management Services. Answer: Introduction With the ever increasing demand for data management services, organizations strive for the best solutions to both manage their data seamlessly and securely. To ensure the best service, organizations seek to have the latest equipment as IT equipment generally become redundant, or need replacement, especially for enterprise systems after every four years ('Blue Data', 2017). In managing data, especially where many users and huge data amounts are involved, organizations have two choices; one is to use the traditional and widely used approach of purchasing the requisite equipment and managing them in-house or in their premises. Another more recent approach is the use of co-location services where an organization purchases the requisite equipment but then have them located in a different and shared physical location where it has complete control and access to all its data; however, the costs of power and cooling are shared, but the company pays for the use of the space (Puro, 2016). The t hird option, which is similar to co-location, is the use of cloud services. Cloud services are similar to co-location in how they work, except that in cloud services, the service provider offers all the hardware plus the necessary software and other applications and the customer pays per use. All data is managed by the cloud services provider on behalf of the customer (Mahmood, 2013). All the three methods carry their respective merits and demerits; however, it is not easy to decide on the best without taking into consideration the requisite resource usage for each of the methods. This paper is going to make a comparison between an organizations purchasing all the equipment and managing its data and IT needs on site; the common and traditional method approach. This will be compared mainly with cloud computing because co-location is almost similar to cloud computing, but still entails purchasing equipment. However, a mention will be made on co-location during the discussions. This paper begins by briefly defining and explaining the two main approaches to managing data, which is purchasing the IT equipment and infrastructure and cloud computing and discusses them at a theoretical level. The paper will then obtain various prices for the case scenario hardware and equipment, as well as the requisite software and other features; for instance air conditioning. The prices obtained will be based on standard or retail prices from vending sites such as New Egg, PC World, Radio Shark, Amazon, and E-Bay and then be used to compute the TCO (total ownership costs). The paper then selects a standard and widely used cloud services provider and compares the charges, based on similar data and computing needs as would cost if the equipment and IT facilities were bought and used on site (in house). The amounts are then compared over a four year period, which is when IT equipment for enterprise applications become obsolete and therefore require replacing. The paper then discusses the findings, compares them, while revisiting the respective merits and demerits of each, before making a decision and recommending the best solution that would suit the case scenario. The assumptions made are also discussed and justified, before a conclusion is drawn. Enterprise IT Solutions; to Purchase or Rent ? There are several benefits to running applications and storing data on an online platform; among them being flexibility, disaster recovery, automated software updates, reduced or no capital expenditure, the ability to work from anywhere, increased collaboration, security, and a low environmental foot print. Another commonly touted advantage of cloud computing is that it results in significant cost savings and enables an organization to focused on its main activity and leave the IT hassle to the specialists (Alexander, more, 2017), (Froehlich, 2015). For on premise computing, there are also several benefits; the main one being total control over data and the It infrastructure; the business handles all its confidential information without the risk of this data being breached. Another benefit is that the organization depends less on the vendor such as having to be locked-in on various technology y decisions made by the vendor. On premise solutions also allow for easy customization of d ata and IT infrastructure to suit the needs of the organization and can be a foundation for future expansi0on into the hybrid. Further, it limits on-going costs as compared to cloud computing where services are paid for regularly (Lindskog, Berglund, Vallhagen, Berlin, Johansson, 2012). While both approaches have their benefits, the more significant one is on costs and capital expenditure, since organizations aim for a better return on investment (ROI) for every investment they make on an IT enterprise system. The cost is what this paper will focus upon (Plattner Zeier ,2012) Costs On premise IT System and Infrastructure This entails making equipment and software purchases and then setting it up and managing/ administering; considering the case scenario, the following equipment were sought from vendors and their costs obtained as shown in the table below; Product Description Specifications Unit Price Quantity Total HPE ProLiant ML150 Gen9 Server (tower) Intel Xeon E5-2600 v4 processor * Core 1439 3 4317 8 GB RAM 0 2.5 inch 50 GD SSD SFF hard disk 103 3 309 HPE ProLiant ML150 Gen9 Server (tower) Intel Xeon E5-2600 v4 processor * Core 1199 6 7194 8 GB RAM 0 2.5 inch 100 GD SSD SFF hard disk 290 6 1740 HP ML350 G6 Tower Server Quad CORE E5620 2.4Ghz 6GB RAM 799 4 3196 10 TB HDD Seagate Enterprise Capacity 3.5 HDD 10TB, SATA 6Gb/s 7,200RPM 512N 419 0 Load balancing device F5 BIG-IP Global Traffic Manager 1600 Big-ip Ltm Enterprise 1600 4gb 4000 2 8000 Server Software Windows Windows Server R 2 64 Bit 200 13 2600 Setup costs 1500 1 1500 Server administration costs 7089 1 7089 UPS APC SURT6000XLI, Smart-UPS, RT 6000VA, 230V, 4200 Watts 2999 13 38987 ISP Internet service provider with dual connection 45 48 2160 Air conditioner Tripplite SmartRack 12,000 BTU 230V Portable Air Conditioning Unit 770 4 3080 Networking and cabling Network cables for the servers 2500 1 2500 RAID controller IT Mode LSI 9211-8i SAS SATA 8-port PCI-E 6Gb/s Controller Card 80 13 1040 Air conditioning Air conditioning power consumption 3066 4 12264 Power consumption (Servers) Servers power consumption 4030 4 16120 Software upgrade costs Windows plus firewall and antivirus 600 4 2400 Antivirus + antimalware Kasperski total security 12 52 624 Cisco Firewall Cisco ASA5505-SEC-PLUS Firewall 165 3 495 Total Cost of Ownership over Four Years 115615 Assumptions In making the computations, it is assumed that the servers will be running for 24 hours and that they can only be stopped for scheduled maintenance or during power outages. It is also assumed that the premise IT system will require some form of continuity and data security so the organization will install RAID architecture for the Servers with RAID controller hardware. The power consumption rates are based on standard power consumption for Turkey/ or the EU (European Union). The power consumptions are based on the server power ratings and ignore internal power consumption by the UPS systems. The air conditioning servers will be three, one each for every set of servers (on a use basis) and each is capable of 12500 BTU and are rated at 3500 W; it is assumed that the cooling systems will on average run for 24 hours. The server administration costs are assumed to be at the rate of 25% of the serve capital expenditure and that server maintenance costs will rise as the servers get older. T he various software, especially antivirus and server will be updated and upgraded yearly, with the upgrade costs estimated (anti-virus license must be renewed every year). It is also assumed that the power rates will not change or change significantly over the four year period. Estimated networking costs are also included in the TCO computations. The computations assume that the IT staff are paid under general costs and so are not included in these computations. Cloud Services For the cloud solution, the company will use various services, including Saas (software as a service), IaaS (infrastructure as a service), and PaaS (platform as a service). T hese are all charged in a single package, which includes management and backup charges; these were computed from the 11 cloud services calculator; note that the storage capacities offered are much higher than the requirements but have been used due to backup requirements. These were computed in a spreadsheet as shown below; Server Cores RAM HDD Cost per month Per Year Servers Total Cloud server XL 4 8 GB 160 50 600 4 2400 Cloud server 3XL 8 8 GB 240 130 390 3 1170 Cloud server 5 XL 16 48 GB 500 255 3060 6 18360 Total per year 21930 Total Four Years 87720 Assumptions There are no set up costs; the server hard disk space is much higher than what is specified in the case scenario because it is assumed the organization will want data backup through the cloud. Discussions From the above computations and estimates, it is clear that on premise systems have a higher cost of ownership over the four year period when compared with cloud services. The bulk of the TCO for the on premise system is because of the upfront capital expenditures in purchasing the hardware and software. However, server administration costs are also significant, being estimated at being between 15 and 25 % of the total server and related capital expenditure, for which the maximum possible amount is used. The calculations show that the cloud option with a higher capacity than required in the case will cost $ 87720 while the cost for the on premise system will have a TCO of $ 115615. From the computations, the cloud services will cost just over 75% compared to the on premise solution, and still achieve very high capacity. This implies that the cloud solution will achieve a significant cost saving of 24% over the four year period. Revisiting the advantages of both systems, it can be see n that the cloud service still is a better option and is therefore recommended as the best solution. Conclusion and Recommendations This paper evaluated the relative benefits of using an on remise system and cloud services for servers for a case scenario. The relative advantages of the two systems were reviewed and the TCO for both systems computed by using actual charges as of April 2017 for both the IT equipment and cloud services. The results show that the cloud option will result in significant savings of 24% over four years compared to the on premise solution and therefore, this paper recommends the cloud solution. As a future research recommendation, this paper proposes future research to investigate the TCO of a hybrid on premise system extended to the cloud. References Puro, N. (2016).Cloud, Colocation or Dedicated Which one should you choose?.Esds.co.in. Retrieved 21 April 2017, fromMahmood, Z. (2013). Cloud computing: Methods and practical approaches. London: Springer. Plattner, H., Zeier, A. (2012). In-memory data management: An inflection point for enterpiseapplications. data-private/d/d-id/1323089 Lindskog, E., Berglund, J., Vallhagen, J., Berlin, R., Johansson, B., 2012 Winter SimulationConference (WSC 2012). (December 01, 2012). Combining point cloud technologies with discrete event simulation. 1-10. Froehlich, A. (2015).Cloud Vs. On-Premises: 6 Benefits Of Keeping Data Private InformationWeek.Information Week. Retrieved 21 April 2017, from 'Blue Data'. (2017).Product | Big Data Infrastructure Software | BlueData.BlueData. Retrieved21 April 2017, from Alexander, P., more, R. (2017).Should You Lease or Buy Your TechEquipment?.Entrepreneur. Retrieved 21 April 2017, fromAdvances in computing and information technology: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Advances in Computing and Information Technology (ACITY), July 13-15, 2012, Chennai, India. (2013). Berlin: Springer